Screw-driver.



PATENTED PEB. 21, 1905.

M. E. CONVERSE.

Y SCREW DRIVER. APPLICATION FILED DIEU. 31, 1903.

E.. u .3 EW H Patented February 21, 1905.

PATENT. OFFICE.

MASOHIL D. CONVERSE, OF NEVARK, NEW JERSEY.

SCREW-DRIVER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 783,028, dated February 21, 1905.

` Application filed December 3l, 1903. Serial No. 187,271.

/'o fI/Z whom, it may con/cern:

Be it known that I, MAsoI-IIL D. OoNvEEsn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey,have invented new and useful Improvements in Screw-Drivers, of which the following` is a specification.

My invention relates tO screw-drivers, and more definitely to means for uniting the blades to the bolsters and ferrules and securing the handles in the latter. v

My invention is comprised in certain novel forms, constructiomand combination of parts,

the objects of which are to provide reliable devices for the purposes stated and to cheapen the cost of manufacture, all which will hereinafter be fully described and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly sectional, of my improved screw-driver without the handle. Fig. Q is a quarter-turn side elevation of the same, partly sectional, with the handle in place. Fig. 3 is a side elevation in full of the bolster and ferrule, blade and handle partly broken away. Fig. 4 is a cross-section on line m of Figs. 2 and 3, and Fig. 5 isan end view of the ferrule and bolstertang with the handle removed looking into the former in the direction indicated by arrow in Fig. l.

The several figures will now be described in detail, like letters of reference throughoutJ the same indicating corresponding parts.

A is a blade of my improved screw-driver, which having been cut to required length at a by V-tools is slightly upset or enlarged in diameter thereby at the base a2 of the bevels on opposite sides.

B is the bolster; C, the bolster-tang extending centrally therefrom outwardly and considerably beyond the open end of the ferrule D. The tang is preferably made tapered toward the outer end, as shown, and its base or juncture with the bolster is filleted or thickened at c. These three parts--b0lster, bolstertang, and ferrule-are made integral of cast metal, usually gray iron. The'bolster B is preferably terminated in front to hemispherical form rl' and reduced at (Z3 rearward thereof to form a neck with lines meeting neatly the taper of the ferrule D. rlhe interior of the ferrule is constructedor cast with depressions (Z Z radially, forming preferably a quatrefoil socket for the handle E. These depressions, starting at (Z2, are gradually deepened to the bottom of the socket. The handle is before being driven into the ferrule provided with a hole e for reception of the tang O.

rl`he operation of my invention is as follows: The blade A, having been cut and formed, as shown, with the upsetting or enlargement a, is b y methods and means well known to metal melders fixed in the bolster B by casting of the latter thereon and-by reason of the enlargement ai and the bevels at the end t can now neither come out of or turn in the bolster when the screw-driver is being used, since in this process of casting the metal of the bolster closely contacts with, conforms to the shape, and contracts upon the shank end of the blade and, if necessary, can be made to slightly fuse therewith. rfhe bolster, bolster.- tang,and ferrule having been formed as shown, the handle, with a properly-dimensioned socket end and hole e, is forced into the socket of the ferrule, and as this is done the tapered tang C and its thickened or filleted base c force the fiber of the handle with great pressure radially into the depressions d, where it is further compressed and kept from splitting by the divisions or ridges d* between the depressions, which then prevent the handle from turning or becoming loosened in the socket when the screw-driver is being used.

In practice the tang-hole e in the handle is bored straight with a uniform diameter about equal to the diameter of the tang at a point midway its length, and the end of the handle to enter the ferrule-socket is made with a taper corresponding to that of the dividingridges d* and with a diameter slightly greater than the internal diametral measurement of the same. l

The bolster-tang C and the tang-hole e in the handle may be dispensed with 'entirely provided the manifoliations Z Z in the handlesocket of the ferrule are retained.

Manifestly the novel construction of the i IOO scribed without departing from the spirit of this part of my invention. Likewise the novel construction of ferrules or of ferrule and bolster-tang herein described may be employed in connection with forms of screwdriver shanks other than that described herein without departing from the spirit of this part of my invention. Furthermore, the upsetting' or enlargement of the end of the shank may be made in modiiied form and by a different method or means to serve the same purposes' without departing from the spirit of this part oi' my invention.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure b v Letters Patent, isy 1. In ascrew-driver ablade having its shank end beveled, in combination with a metal bolster molded or castthereon.

2. In ascrew-driver a blade having its shank end beveled and upset or enlarged at the base of the bevel, in combination with a metal bolster molded or cast thereon.

3. In a screw-driver a metal bolster, tapered tang and ferrule integrally cast or molded, said ferrule having' depressions in the interior and said tapered bolster-tang having' a thickened or illeted base for the purposes shown and described, in combination with a suitably shaped and bored handle.

4. In a screw-d river a bolster, tapered bolster-tang and ferr ule integrally cast or molded,

said fer-rule having a quatreoil handlesocket, and said tapered bolster-tang having a thickened or iilleted base for the purposes shown and described in combination with a suitably shaped and bored handle.

5. In a screw-driver a blade having an enlargement at its shank end adapted to fix it securely against turning in, or coming out of, a metal bolster cast or molded thereon, a bolster, tapered bolster-tang and ferrule integrally cast or molded, said fer-rule having depressions in the interior and said tapered bolster-tang having a thickened or illeted base for the purposes shown and described, in combination with a suitably shaped and bored handle.

6. Ina screw-d river a blade having its shank end beveled and upset or enlarged at the base of the bevel, a metal bolster, tapered bolstertang and ferrule integrally cast or molded thereon, said ferrule having a quatrei'oil handle-socket, and said tapered bolster-tang having a thickened or tilleted base for the purposes shown and described, in combination with a suitably shaped and bored handle.

In testimony whereofI have signed my name to this speciiication in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

MASCHIL D. CONVERSE.

Witnesses:

J No. T. MEANY, GUY E. CRAMPTON. 

